LCDR John Stuart MOULD GC GM

Lieutenant Commander John Stuart MOULD GC GM

John Stuart Mould, naval officer and architect, was born on 21 March 1910 at Gosforth, Northumberland, England, son of Stuart Mill Mould, architect and surveyor, and his wife Ethel Kate. The family emigrated to Australia when John was aged 2. Educated at Sydney Grammar School and subsequently in London, he became an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1934. That year he returned to Sydney and joined his father in private practice. At the Presbyterian Church, Mosman, on 29 April 1935 he married Phyllis Sarah Palmer; they were to have one child before being divorced.

On 14 June 1940 Mould enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force (AIF). He contracted bronchial pneumonia and, while recuperating, qualified through the Yachtsmen Scheme for appointment as sub-Lieutenant, Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve (RANVR). Discharged from the AIF, he was mobilised in the RANVR on 14 September and sent to England for training at HMS King Alfred. With Hugh Syme, H.D. Reid and J.H.H. Kessack, he volunteered for 'special duties ashore'—service in the Royal Navy's Rendering Mines Safe (RMS) section. He was provisionally promoted Lieutenant in December and posted to HMS Vernon.

The RMS section had been established to assist in disarming the large number of unexploded bombs and mines strewn across Britain by German aircraft. Although most of the work involved bombs, the RMS's naval personnel were primarily concerned with 'delousing' German sea mines which had been dropped on land or washed ashore. Mould performed 'outstanding work on dock clearance operations and those resulting in the stripping of the early German mine Type G'.

Mould was the first decorated with a King's Commendation for Brave Conduct in June 1941. This was followed by a Georga Medal in April 1942, awarded for his...

...successful defusing of a 'George' mine with a deadly anti-personnel electro-optic detonator.

Among numerous assignments, Mould recovered, rendered safe and investigated 'the first German magnetic acoustic unit and moored magnetic mine'. The successful dismantling of such weapons allowed British scientists to identify their triggering mechanisms and thus devise countermeasures. In addition to the usual hazards of handling explosives, Mould and his colleagues had to contend with booby traps set to detonate the mines if attempts were made to disarm and disassemble them. In November 1942 he was awarded the George Cross -

The KING has been graciously pleased to approve the award of the GEORGE CROSS for great gallantry and undaunted devotion to duty to: Lieutenant John Stuart Mould, G.M., R.A.N.V.R.

Promoted acting Lieutenant Commander in January 1943, he began work with Professor Jack Haldane to develop a diving-suit with an independent air supply. Later that year Mould, Lieutenant Leon Goldsworthy RANVR, and Lieutenant Commander J.L. Harries, Royal Canadian Navy, trained groups of men known as 'P' parties in preparation for the invasion of Western Europe. These units were to be dispatched to newly captured harbours to clear them of booby traps, mines and other obstructions. Declining the opportunity to command one of the parties, Mould chose instead to continue training men who would serve in them. Following the German surrender in May 1945, he was sent to Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and Australia to assess the requirement for 'P' parties in the Far East and Pacific theatres. He was designated commander of two of the parties about the time that World War II ended.

Haling Island. LCDR John Stuart Mould GC GM,RANVR (right) assisted by an unidentified
RN rating, prepares to dive on a crashed United States Army Airforce) bomber aircraft.
The rating is holding a safety rope attached to Moulds' suit and the latter is holding
a guide line leading to the submerged crash site. The skein of thicker rope he is holding
was probably for pulling parts of the aircraft and unexploded ordnance to the shore.

Mould's RANVR appointment terminated on 26 November 1945 in Britain. He obtained a post as an architect with the allied military government in Germany and helped with that country's reconstruction. On 28 May 1947 he married Margaret Agnes Massey, a 32-year-old divorcee.

He returned to Australia in 1948 and after working as an architect with the Department of Public Works, he was appointed chief architect to the Housing Commission of New South Wales in 1950. The amount of construction increased dramatically during his tenure, and he was responsible for the design of housing estates and shopping centres. His most conspicuous buildings are the Greenway apartment blocks in Ennis Road, Milsons Point, immediately east of the northern approach to Sydney Harbour Bridge. In 1954, Greenway was the largest apartment building in the Southern Hemisphere and the first State-government-owned high-rise social housing in Australia.

John Stuart Mould GC GM RANVR died of peritonitis on 9 August 1957 in Royal North Shore Hospital and was cremated. His wife, and their son and daughter survived him, as did the son of his first marriage.

Footnote: It is believed the Yachties were the most decorated cohort of Australian service personnel in World War II. Their record speaks for itself:

Four George Crosses (GC),
Ten George Medals (GM),
32 Distinguished Service Crosses (DSC),
38 Mentioned-in-Despatches (MiD),
Three Orders of the British Empire (OBE),
Three Members of the British Empire (MBE),
Two King’s Commendation for Brave Conduct, and,
One Conspicuous Gallantry Medal (CGM) --- the only one ever to be awarded to an Australian Navy person.

Sources:
Australian Dictionary of Biography
Australian War Memorial
VC GC Association
Bravo Zulu Vol.1

Compiled by Laurie Pegler